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Small Molecules, Energy, and Biosynthesis

The Coordination of Catabolism and Biosynthesis19

Outline
Metabolism Is Organized and Regulated

Metabolic Pathways Are Regulated by Changes in Enzyme Activity

Catabolic Reactions Can Be Reversed by an Input of Energy

Enzymes Can Be Switched On and Off by Covalent Modification

Reactions Are Compartmentalized Both Within Cells and Within Organisms

Summary
Section References
Martin, B.R.Metabolic Regulation: A Molecular Approach. Oxford, UK; Blackwell Scientific, 1987.

Newsholme, E.A.; Start, C.Regulation in Metabolism. New York: Wiley, 1973.
Summary

    The many thousands of different chemical reactions carried out simultaneously by a cell are closely coordinated. A variety of control mechanisms regulate the activities of key enzymes in response to the changing conditions in the cell. One very common form of regulation is a rapidly reversible feedback inhibition exerted on the first enzyme of a pathway by the final product of that pathway. A longer-lasting form of regulation involves the chemical modification of one enzyme by another, usually by phosphorylation. Combinations of regulatory mechanisms can produce major and long-lasting changes in the metabolism of the cell. Not all cellular reactions occur within the same intracellular compartment, and spatial segregation by internal membranes permits organelles to specialize in their biochemical tasks.


© 1994 by Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and James D. Watson.